Lookout Florida businesses!

Mitchell Sharp October 27, 2016 No Comments

Work Comp Rates in Florida are set for a dramatic increase December 1st.

The average workers’ compensation rate in the state of Florida is set to go up by 14.5% on average beginning December 1st, 2016. The reason for this dramatic increase in premium is caused by three things. The Florida Supreme Court rulings Castellanos vs. Next Door Company and Westphal vs. City of St. Petersburg, along with a new printing of the Florida Workers’ Compensation HCPR Manual.

Previously in the year the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) recommended a modest decrease in premium for the state of Florida. Before these decisions by the Florida Supreme Court, business owners in Florida enjoyed rates that were fairly reasonable compared to the rest of the country. According to a study done by the Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, in 2016 Florida enjoyed rates that were the 33 least expensive rate for workers comp premium in the United States. Once the approved increase takes place the rates on work comp premium in the state of Florida will be about the 20 most expensive state in the country according to the same study.

Castellanos vs. Next Door Company

In the Spring of 2016, Marvin Castellanos was an injured employee who had sued Next Door Company. Part of the decision in his case ruled that a previous court ruling from 2009 was invalid. The previous ruling was ruled invalid for limiting the ability of the injured worker to get a reasonable amount for attorney’s fees. In short this ruling meant judges no longer have to stick to a previous mandatory fee schedule. Now the judges are able to simply use the fee schedule as a starting point or guideline. For this reason, the amount judges award to injured employees is expected to increase significantly. Insurance companies will now be taking on a much larger amount of risk and they will have to charge more in premium in order to remain competitive in this market. The amount of the increase directly related to this case is 10.1 percent on average statewide.

Westphal vs. City of St. Petersburg

The next court case that caused an increase in premium was Westphal vs. City of St. Petersburg. This case ruled that a 104-week statutory limitation on temporary total disability benefits is unconstitutional. The court ruled this portion of the law unconstitutional because it denied injured workers proper access to the courts. The Florida Supreme Court extended this period to a 260-week limitation. This time period is more similar to most other states throughout the country, but it also means insurance companies will now have to provide partial salary benefits to injured workers for an additional 156 weeks. This is a potential cost that could be severe to the insurance agencies covering this risk. As a result, the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (OIR) approved an average increase of 2.2 percent statewide.

The final 1.8 percent of the approved increase on premium for workers’ compensation is related to updates within the Florida Workers’ Compensation HCPR Manual. This increase was approved as part of Senate Bill 1402.

What can businesses do to lighten this impact?

The impact of this increase will be severe to many business owners throughout the state of Florida. Needless to say, many business owners will experience sticker shock when they go to renew their existing policies. Similar to when other states, like New York, saw an increase in workers comp rates earlier this year many business owners are going to be scrambling to look for better rates on premium. There are a few things businesses can do to limit the impact to the bottom line. To start with they can shop around their policy if they have not done so in a few years. The best way to do this is to partner with an independent agent who has established relationships with many different insurance carriers. Far too many insurance agencies partner with only one or a select few insurance carriers. This severely limits their ability to negotiate better rates and deeper discounts on your behalf. For example, most independent agents are able to quote your policy with 10 or more carriers where a traditional agency may only search quote your business with 2 or 3. Because of this competition they are able to search for more comprehensive coverage and the most competitive price on premium.

Another major cost saving measure many businesses can take advantage of is a flexible payment option like Pay as You Go Workers’ Compensation. Pay as You Go Workers’ Compensation can get a policy in place for your business with much less up front cost. Most traditional policies require 25 percent of the premium paid up front. This is just to establish coverage. With the Pay as You Go option, most small businesses can get coverage in place for only a few hundred dollars. This option allows the business to pay their premium each month based on each month’s payroll. Pay as You Go is a very good option for cash strapped or seasonal businesses.

Medical Offices

Mitchell Sharp October 20, 2016 No Comments

Doctors and physicians are highly educated individuals, licensed to deal with the health and physical concerns of their patients. There are many different types of ways to practice their medical craft. Some are pediatricians who deal only with children while others are general practitioners who work with patients of all ages. Other doctors may have advanced education and training in a particular medical specialty. Just a few examples include cardiology, gastroenterology, or neurology. Most doctors work from their own private offices and partner with a hospital or clinic to which they refer patients for lab tests, surgery, and post-operative care.

Doctors Offices are extremely different risks then a roofing company or a beauty salon. Exposure to a Workers’ compensation claim in this line of work can be as simple as a slip or fall. It is also commonly due to the transmission of disease from a patient. For this reason, gloves and masks should be worn at all times when working around bodily fluids. Training and safety equipment should be in place to prevent exposure to injury, especially in regards to radiation when performing X-rays. Unruly or unpredictable patients can cause harm including strains, back injuries and contusions.

Common Workers Compensation Class Codes:

8832- Doctors, Physicians, and Office Staff

8810- Clerical Office Employees

Code 8810: Clerical Office Employees

The History of Workers’ Compensation

Mitchell Sharp October 14, 2016 No Comments

Workers’ Compensation: A Brief History of Workers’ Compensation in America.

Formation of the Workers’ Compensation System

The workers compensation system was started in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. The first state that enacted a system was in the early teens and the last state to develop a system was in the late forties. This system came out of the problems resulting during the robber baron and depression era of the United States. During these time periods industry became big business for the first time in our nations’ history. Especially in the industrial northeast and across the rust belt of the upper midwest. At this time in our nations’ history wages were low and working conditions were very poor. Several industries began to unionize as a way to get better pay and more humane working conditions. The workers’ compensation system came out of these conflicts between industry and employment as somewhat of a compromise. Many people refer to this compromise as the ‘exclusive remedy’.

‘Exclusive Remedy’

The workers’ compensation system is referred to as the ‘exclusive remedy’ because it is bars employees injured on the job from sueing their employers for injuries that occur as a part of normal business operations. The injured employees can the fact that they will be compensated for medical costs and some lost wages in return for giving up their ability to sue. The benefits provided under workers compensation are the sole remedy available to injured employees.

Each State has their own System

Additionally, each state has their own system for how they provide a workers compensation for employers and employees within their state. For the most part, the workers’ compensation was set up this way because each state has industries and ways of doing business that are unique, For instance, Louisiana has a lot of industry related to commercial fishing and deep sea oil exploration. There is not much of a market for this industry in Iowa or South Dakota. Also, there is a lot of industry for snow removal in the northern portion of the country where in a southern state like Arizona or Alabama there is no need for this industry. Because of these differences, it would have been difficult for the federal government to create a system of workers comp that would make sense for the entire country.

National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI)

The National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) is the main organization that determines rates on different class codes for workers’ compensation purposes. NCCI colelcts data from more than four million workers compensation claims annually. They use this information to analyze industry trends in workers compensation costs, they recommend workers comp rate losses and they regularly do a cost analysis of proposed legislation to help the legislatures in each individual state make changes to their current system. Thirty Five states use NCCI to determine rates on classification codes. There are 4 states that are monopolistic states (North Dakota, Ohio, Washington and Wyoming), which means these states do not recognize workers’ comp policies from other states. This means if your business operates in multiple states and the monopolistic state is one of them, you must purchase a second policy from that state. NCCI typically can determine the rates for a state cheaper and more efficiently than they can do it themselves. Some of the largest states, with the largest economies, have a separate department within their government that does this task. In most cases these are the states with the highest rates on premium for workers’ compensation premium. Typically states that use NCCI enjoy more competitive rates on premium.

Walsh Test

Most states offer reciprocity meaning if the business is operated in one state but an occurrence happens in another state the home states laws would have precedence over the claim. There is actually an acronym in the legal field that deals with such situations. That acronym is called the Walsh Test. The Walsh Test stands for the acronym:

Worked
Accident
Lived
Salaried
Hired

The weight of each part of the jurisdiction depends on the position of the term in the acronym W.A.L.S.H. Worked carries more importance than The weight of each part of the jurisdiction depends on the position of the term in the acronym W.A.L.S.H. Worked carries the most importance and Hired has the least importance when considering jurisdiction. The higher on the list the higher the relevance in relation to jurisdiction.

Opt-out Legislation

Many states have been toying with the idea of allowing some businesses to opt out of the traditional workers’ compensation system for their particular state. There are two states who have gone through with legislation to make this happen. Texas has been allowing some companies to opt out for several years. They require businesses to apply and if they meet certain criteria they can opt-out of purchasing workers’ compensation coverage. In this state they are required to provide a bare minimum amount of coverage that is similar to what would be provided by the workers’ compensation system. The theory for this way of opting out is that safety conscious businesses that do not have a lot of claims can opt-out of paying premium and save over all. Now on the other end of the spectrum is the state of Oklahoma, who implemented an opt-out provision in 2013. Opponents of this law claimed it was biased in favor of the employer. A few provisions within this law are that all injuries must be reported within 24 hours or the claim is not covered. In this instance if someone hurts their back lifting something heavy at 4:30 PM on Friday and the pain doe snot set in until Sunday afternoon and they report it first thing Monday morning, the claim is not covered because it was not reported within the first 24 hours. Another provision that opponents have for this law is that the employer determines the amount of coverage and the way in which it is provided where the Texas Law has certain provisions that are a base minimum of coverage. Two other states that are thinking about proposing similar opt-out laws are South Carolina and Tennessee. Texas and Oklahoma are two good blue prints for ways in which other states can set up an opt-out provision. Texas has had this policy in place for more then a decade and employers in this state enjoy some of these best rates on premium in the country. Oklahoma conversely has some of the most expensive rates on premium in the country and the supreme court of Oklahoma recently ruled the opt-out law unconstitutional.

Workers Comp needs for an Office Business

Mitchell Sharp September 30, 2016 No Comments

Workers Compensation for Office and Technology Companies

An office setting may seem like a fairly safe place to work. The likelihood that you will get hurt or injured at work while sitting at a desk seems fairly low. But there are repetitive use injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and back problems that can develop pretty easily from continually sitting with bad posture and doing the same few types of repetitive motions. Slips and falls still happen even in low risk settings.

The types of businesses that might be included in this type of setting include clerical offices, sales and collector offices, accounting offices, attorneys and physicians offices. This industry can also include the companies who sell and service equipment for this companies. Companies that sell and service office printers is a prime example. Making sure your employees are listed in the proper workers comp class codes is extremely important to the bottom line of the business. Here are some examples of common NCCI class codes for this industry.

Industry Classes Included in Office/IT Programs

Class Codes	Brief Business Description of Operations
8810	Clerical Office Employees. This is the most common class code utilized and is common to most policies regardless of the nature of business because most businesses have one or more clerical office employees. Common duties include financial, drafting, telephone answering, inside sales, designers, editors, programmers, and general office staff.
8742	Outside Sales and Collectors. This is also a very common class code and applies to many different types of businesses. Unless otherwise classified, all people in sales or who drive and travel frequently as part of their job should be classified as sales.
8803	Auditor, Accountant, and Programmers. This class code applies to clerical type employees who might travel as part of their job. Typical jobs include accounting, computer programming, IT services, or related clerical services. The exposure of traveling differentiates this class from clerical- 8810.
8820	Attorneys and Law Firms- all employees. This is a specific code for law firms and covers all employees including clerical, messengers, and drivers.
5191	Machine Installation and Repair. The common class code used for IT services involving hardware installation. Responsibilities include installation, adjustments, and repair to all types office machines such as computers, printers, copiers, fax machines, etc.
8859	California Only- Computer Programming and Software Development in CA.
8832	Physicians and Doctors Office- all employees. Includes all staff operating in a typical doctor’s office.
8834	Physicians Office- CA only. Same as code 8832.

Workers Comp for Roofing Companies

Mitchell Sharp September 23, 2016 No Comments

Roofing companies are a difficult to quote industry for insurance companies for two main reasons. They are working at heights and there is a driving risk. These two things impact premium for workers’ compensation more than most other risks. Any business that is driving from location to location as a major part of the duties has an elevated amount of workers’ compensation claims. These businesses have a higher quantity of claims and the claims tend to be more severe. Working at heights is also a huge risk from an insurance perspective. This is not so much because of the quantity of claims in this industry, but more because the severity of injuries involved in a fall tend to be severe and cause larger medical costs.

Having safety as a part of your company culture is extremely important in more risk adverse injuries. The safety program should be clear and concise and it should be ingrained in the workforce the day an employee is hired. It can even start before hiring an employee in the way you go about choosing the people you hire. Focusing on safety during the hiring process and then as a regular part of the training your employees receive. Another important part of the workers’ compensation system for businesses in more risk adverse industries is to have an effective return to work program. Studies show that the quicker an employee gets back on the job, even in a limited capacity, the less likely they are to wind up on long term disability. Humans are creatures of habit and the longer people are away from work because of an injury the more likely they are to form habits not a part of their work day routine. Getting the injured worker back on the job and filling like they are contributing to something productive can dramatically boost their spirit. It also creates much better outcomes for your injured employee and your business.

Like many industries roofing has more than one industry workers compensation codes. It is important for you as a business owner to spend some time with your insurance agent discussing exactly what you do and do not partake in as a part of your business. Making sure that your business is properly classified can have a dramatic effect on the amount you pay for workers’ compensation insurance.

Below is a list of classification codes commonly used by businesses in the roofing industry.

Class Codes	Brief Business Description of Roofing Operations for each Class Code
5551	Roofing- All Types. This is the standard classification for most roofing contractors. It covers contractors who perform installation and repair of new and existing roofs on residential and commercial properties. Work may include flat, sloped, and built-up roofs and may include the installation or repair of joists, trusses, rafters, decks, sheathing, etc. Materials utilized may include shingles, metals, hot tar, composite materials, concrete aggregates, slate, tile, or paper.
8227	Construction Yard. Larger roofing companies who maintain a permanent facility or yard for material storage and maintenance of equipment may often utilize this classification on their policy for employees exclusively dedicated to the facility or yard.
5645	Residential Construction. When roofing installation is performed in conjunction with the construction of a residential dwelling by employees of the same general contractor then roofing may be applicable to this code. Applies only to residential construction under 3 stories.
NOTES	Roofing programs require minimum payroll requirements and years in business depending on the state and the carriers’ programs.

Look out New York.

Mitchell Sharp July 21, 2016 No Comments

Work Comp Rates in New York are on the rise.

On recommendation from the New York Compensation Insurance Rating Board, The New York State Department of Financial Services has approved a 9.3 percent average hike in workers’ compensation loss costs. These new rates will go into effect Oct. 1.

For injured workers this decision is somewhat good news as they also approved a raise to the maximum weekly benefit of $864 as of July 1, 2016 will rise to $886 on July 1, 2017 and $922 on July 1, 2018. While it is never good news to be an injured worker, this does mean more money in their pocket until they are able to return to work.

New-York-City-View What does this mean for businesses in the state of New York? The immediate effects will be that they are taking on a larger cost in the form of higher premiums on workers comp, but the amount of the increase should be one that most businesses will be able to stomach. New York is already one of the top five most expensive states for workers compensation premium before this increase.

According to Lev Ginsburg, director of government affairs for BCNYS, as quoted in an article from the Insurance Journal, “It is unfortunate, but this number reflects the true costs of New York’s workers’ compensation system and is a necessary correction in order to keep the insurance market stable for employers,”

I_Love_New_York

There were reforms to this system put in place in 2007. Those reforms were aimed at stabilizing the system and they have done so somewhat, but the costs to operate the system have grown at a much larger pace than premium. This action is taken to correct the system before major changes are needed down the road. This is a cost, but it helps the insurance industry deal with the rising cost of claims and prevents many carriers from exiting the market. This would result in even larger increases in premium because of a lack of competition in the marketplace.

The Great Seal of the State of New York

What in the world is going on in Florida???

Mitchell Sharp July 7, 2016 No Comments

NCCI proposed to the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation a rate increase of 19.6%.

Florida Office of Insurance Regulation

What caused this (Florida Supreme Court)?

A 2.2 percent projected rate increase for the June 9^th Florida Supreme Court decision in the case of Westphal v. City of St. Petersburg, in which the Florida Supreme Court found the 104-week statutory limitation on temporary total disability benefits in Section 440.15(2)(a), Florida Statutes, unconstitutional because it causes a statutory gap in benefits in violation of an injured worker’s constitutional right of access to courts. The Florida Supreme Court reinstated the 260-week limitation in effect prior to the 1994 law change.
A 15 percent projected rate increase for the April 28^th Florida Supreme Court decision in the case of Castellanos v. Next Door Company, which found the mandatory attorney fee schedule in Section 440.34, Florida Statutes, unconstitutional as a violation of due process under both the Florida and United States Constitutions.
A 1.8 percent projected rate increase related to updates within the Florida Workers’ Compensation Health Care Provider Reimbursement Manual (HCPR Manual) per Senate Bill 1402. The manual became effective on July 1, 2016(1).”

Since this ruling in 1994 by the Florida Supreme Court, Florida has had a policy of allowing injured workers access to benefits for 104 weeks or 2 years. As a result of the supreme court ruling in the Westphal v. City of St. Petersburg this amount of time was ruled unconstitutional. Now a time period of 260 weeks or 5 years is the amount of required coverage for injured workers. In order to prepare for this increase in claims cost the insurance carriers within the state of Florida will have to raise rates on workers comp in order to make up for the increase in these benefits.

Castellanos v. Next Door Company was another ruling passed down by the Florida Supreme Court which ruled that the state’s mandatory attorneys’ fee schedule for workers’ compensation cases is unconstitutional. It ruled that it was unconstitutional under both Florida Law and the U.S. constitution as a violation of due process. This will make the amount paid out for injuries to be much higher as a result. This is the reason for this lawsuit being such a large portion of the proposed rate increase.

The 1.8% portion of the increase is a direct result of the new requirement within the Florida Workers’ Compensation Health Care Provider Reimbursement Manual (HCPR Manual) per Senate Bill 1402. meeting this requirement will cause new costs on both insurance agencies and carriers. A portion of these increased costs are being asked for in the rate increase.

What does that mean for businesses in the state?

As far as rates on premium go it means the state of Florida will go from being about the 30th most expensive state in the country to purchase coverage to just outside of the top ten as far as premium for workers’ compensation. Businesses in the state should prepare themselves for a significant increase in the amount they pay for workers’ comp insurance. Even if the full 19.5% increase is not approved, business owners’ should prepare for at least a double digit increase in the rate they pay for premium on work comp.

What can business owners do to deal with this rate increase?

Without cutting costs in other areas of your business, the main way an insurance agency and carrier can help a business owner in this situation is by offering a pay as you go option. With the Pay as you go option much less premium is due at the beginning of the term and premium is different each month based on the man hours worked at your business.

What does this mean for other states?

If other states do not already have policies similar to these in place you can expect other supreme courts to rule on this precedent and you may see some legislatures proactively change their policies to be in line with these rulings. Most states already abide by the 260 week time period and do not have limits on the amount of restitution amongst lawyers in Florida Workers’ Compensation cases. For this reason a majority of states will not have to worry about a rate increase anywhere near this large.

What does the California Work Comp Rate Reduction mean?

Mitchell Sharp June 30, 2016 No Comments

The California Department of Insurance has approved a 9.5 % drop in work comp rates, but what does this mean for your business?

Earlier this week there was some very good news that came out for business owners in the state of California. This news was that the California Department of Insurance approved a request by the state fund to reduce work comp rates by 9.5 percent. The rate reduction goes in to effect starting the first of September. This reduction should impact three things in the work comp market: it should cause carriers on the open market to lower their rates in competition with the state fund, it should cause other states to take notice and lower their rates when claims costs go down and it should encourage business owners in California and across the US to pay closer attention to their claims history.

Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, California

Carriers in the state of California will lower their rates.

california-state-workers-comp-insurance This rate reduction should cause providers on the open market to reduce their rates to compete with the state fund. The State Fund insures nearly 130,000 California businesses. It is set up as the provider of last resort for businesses in difficult to quote industries, businesses with low payroll or businesses with a less than stellar claims history. If the state fund begins to offer similar rates to those on the open market it will discourage the businesses on the open market from doing what the state fund is designed to do, which is to have high payrolls and keep claims in control. In California, like in most states, once a business is in the state fund it must stay there for a certain number of years. Typically, this is 3 years but can be 2 to 4 years in time. This is seen as somewhat of a penalty for the actions your business took in order to get into the fund. In most cases this is because you operate in a dangerous industry or you have too many claims in a certain amount of time. The entire reason for this rate reduction is to reward the business community for lowering the claims history of the entire state. If the carriers out on the open market do not follow suit and lower their rates to compete with the state fund this reduction could cause the claims history to rise without the incentive, there to keep claims down.

Other states will take notice of how California reacted to a reduction in claims.
California is the biggest state in our country and represents the biggest market for commercial insurance. “If California were a country, it would have the eighth-largest economy in the world.” The actions taken by the state government of a state this big and powerful can affect the actions of other states. Over time, if this rate reduction is found to have a good affect for the Californias’ economy and it does not hurt the insurance industry, then you can expect to see other states follow suit. If the opposite occurs than you can expect states to not take the same action.

Encourage business owners to pay attention to their claims history.

Hollywood, California The rate reduction is being initiated because of improvements to the overall claims costs. This is encouraging news for the state and could have effects throughout the country. When the cost of claims go up, the rate in premium is almost always reflected. It is an encouraging sign for the business community to see that the state fund taking a proactive step when claims costs go down. This is not necessarily the typical reaction to this pattern. In theory, this should do exactly what the state fund is in place to do. That is to keep rates from rising too high and to encourage healthy behavior in businesses. When business owners see the reduction in premium they should have added incentive to continue to keep claims down. Also, for those businesses in the state fund, it should give additional incentive to fix the problem that caused your business to purchase from the fund and be able to purchase coverage out on the open market.

Lawyers Work Comp Needs

Mitchell Sharp June 23, 2016 No Comments

Lawyers, Law Firms and Attorneys need to be up to speed on their states requirements for workers compensation coverage.

Lawyers and attorneys are legal professionals who are entrusted by a client for advice in handling some or all of their legal matters. This can include but is not limited to drafting legal documents, contracts and representing clients in a legal action. Lawyers and attorneys are held to a high degree of professional knowledge and skill. For this reason any mistake they make can result in tremendous loss to the people and businesses they represent. For that reason they are sued more frequently than other professions. For that reason they need to carry professional liability insurance, but if they employ other people or are part of a larger firm than they must also carry workers’ compensation coverage. In most cases it is best for a lawyer to carry all of these policies through one carrier in what is called a Business Owners Package (BOP).

In regards to workers compensation coverage a law firm is subject to the individual states laws governing the workers compensation system. Depending on the set up of the practice and how many employees it employs it may or may not be required to carry this coverage. Even if it is not required by law it may be in the best interest of the practice to carry the coverage any ways. Most Workers Compensation Policies cover the costs of some lost wages and medical costs for workers that are injured on the job. It can also benefit the business by protecting it by covering most legal fees that result from those injuries to employees while working at your practice.

The main classification code given to Lawyers/Attorneys by the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) is 8820, This classification applies to all employees of a law firm including attorneys, clerical, messengers, and couriers.

Non-profit Agencies

Mitchell Sharp June 16, 2016 No Comments

Non profit companies make a large portion of the small business community. According to Andrea Wells of MyNewMarkets.com, “This critical sector represents more than 1.5 million organizations and accounts for almost 10 percent of all salaries and wages paid in the United States.” That represents a large customer base for insurance agencies and carriers and it is also a huge amount of organizations who need proper coverage. In the past, many insurance carriers have for years restricted coverage for non-profits and charitable organizations. They restrict coverage to this industry due to a larger historical claims history and their exposure from the high number of volunteers who serve these organizations. As the Non-profit sector takes up more of the business community, some insurance companies are beginning to see the light and tapping in to this industry.

A few of the main risks these companies face are dealing with the high number of volunteers they work with. No matter how good your training/volunteer program is, there is not way a volunteer giving their time is going to take policies as serious as a paid employee. The other big risk facing non-profit organizations is the travel exposure. Many of these organizations travel to the areas they serve. While they are travelling to and from these locations they are covered by a standard workers compensation policy. Travel exposure historically causes more claims and the claims tend to be more severe.

Here is a list of all NCCI classification codes included in the non-profit industry.

8864 Social Services Organizations. This classification is applicable to organizations that provide social services to mentally, physically, or emotionally challenged individuals, troubled youth, abuse, drug related activity, etc.. Types of services provided may include meals, counseling, case management, education, employment, and training, and very limited medical services.

8842 Group Homes. This code contemplates facilities with overnight stays and applies to most group homes, rescue missions, temporary shelters independent supportive living, and training centers for mentally, physically, or emotionally handicapped clients.

7720 Juvenile Detention Centers. Includes halfway houses, boot camps, homes for convicts, and correction facilities.

8742 Social Services Professionals. The common class code for adoption services, community outreach workers, foster care placement, and social workers.

8833 Hospital Professionals. This class is for medical professionals engaged in treatment for drug and alcohol, detoxification, battered women’s shelters, convalescent homes and respite services.

9040 Hospitals- Non Professional (non-medical). Applies to above whereas employee is not medically trained such as maintenance, laundry, food services.

8837 Charitable and Welfare Organizations- MA, TX, WI. Includes organizations that collect, recondition and sale items in their stores.

8861 Charitable and Welfare Organizations- MO, NV, VA. Applies to most organizations that provide charitable or welfare assistance to the needy, challenged, or abused. Organizations may provide accommodations, meals, counseling, etc. Class may include residential mental health facilities, residential care, community food service, shelters, and vocational rehabilitation services.

9063 YMCA, YWCA, YMHA, and YWHA institutions.